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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 30 November 19
PANAMAX: LEVELS IMPROVED IN THE PACIFIC MARKET TOO WITH $11,000 BEING CONCLUDED ON AN 81,000DWT SHIP FOR AN INDONESIA TO CHINA COAL TRIP - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The market has been well supported over the past week, led primarily by the Atlantic Basin. After bottoming last week, sentiment was s ...
Friday, 29 November 19
FITCHRATINGS MAINTAINS NEGATIVE 2020 OUTLOOK ON SHIPPING, AS TIGHTER SUPPLY HELPS, BUT SOFTER DEMAND DRAGS
Fitch’s Sector Outlook: Negative
We maintain a negative sector outlook for global shipping because of the forecast slowdown of ...
Friday, 29 November 19
INDONESIA PRODUCES 390 MLN TONNES OF COAL IN JAN-SEPT: MINISTER - REUTERS
Indonesia’s production of coal for the January-September period was 390 million tonnes, Energy and Mineral Resources Minister Arifin Tasrif s ...
Wednesday, 27 November 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As the end of the fourth quarter is approaching, one could say that the wet market has maintained the strong pace observed during the third qu ...
Tuesday, 26 November 19
PREPARATIONS INTENSIFY AS 1 JANUARY 2020 GLOBAL CUT IN SULPHUR IN SHIP'S FUEL OIL LOOMS: IMO
“IMO 2020” requirements for ships to cut sulphur oxide emissions enter into effect in just over one month’s time. This will signi ...
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- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- PTC India Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Australian Coal Association
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
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