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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 02 December 19
GREENER LNG IS VITAL TO ASIA'S SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - WOOD MACKENZIE
Asia struggles with the world’s worst air pollution. Delhi hit the headlines in November 2019 as levels spiked to such hazardous levels that ...
Monday, 02 December 19
5TH EAST & SOUTHERN AFRICA GAS & LNG CONFERENCE 2020
5th East & Southern Africa Gas & LNG Conference 2020
April 2-3
Maputo, Mozambique
5th East & Southern Afri ...
Monday, 02 December 19
5TH DEEPWATER EAST & SOUTHERN AFRICA CONGRESS 2020
5th Deepwater East & Southern Africa Congress 2020
April 2-3
Maputo, Mozambique
5th Deepwater East & Southern ...
Sunday, 01 December 19
6TH CENTRAL & EASTERN EUROPE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY CONGRESS 2020
6th Central & Eastern Europe Nuclear Industry Congress 2020
January 20-21 | Prague, Czech Republic
Overview
6th ...
Saturday, 30 November 19
IMO2020 GLOBAL SULPHUR CUT: GERMAN SHIPPING TO USE NEW TYPE OF FUEL VDR SURVEY
IMO2020 Global sulphur cut: German shipping to use new type of fuel VDR survey: Technical issues and costs are the biggest challenges - VDR
&nb ...
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- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Australian Coal Association
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- The University of Queensland
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Planning Commission, India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
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