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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 04 December 19
FITCH RATINGS: CASH FLOW GENERATION TO SLOW DOWN FOR INDONESIAN COAL MINERS
Fitch Ratings' negative outlook on the Indonesian coal-mining sector reflects our view of weaker cash flow generation on account of declining c ...
Wednesday, 04 December 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Dry bulk freight rates rebounded last week, a development that came as a relief following the recent negative sentiment that prevailed in the marke ...
Wednesday, 04 December 19
INDONESIA REVIEWING RULES MANDATING COAL SALES TO LOCAL BUYERS: OFFICIAL - REUTERS
Indonesia is reviewing rules that require coal miners to sell a portion of their coal to local buyers, a government official said on Monday, as sup ...
Monday, 02 December 19
COAL PRODUCTION IN INDIA UP BY 164.58 MT IN 5 YEARS - BUSINESS LINE
Raw coal production in the country has increased from 567.77 million tons (MT) in 2013-14 to 730.35 MT in 2018-19, Union Coal and Parliamentary Aff ...
Monday, 02 December 19
OPEC PREPS FOR OIL'S 2020 BALANCING ACT - WOOD MACKENZIE
What steps should OPEC and its non-OPEC partners take to keep the market in balance in 2020? Ahead of OPEC’s meeting in Vienna on 5 and 6 Dec ...
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- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The University of Queensland
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Australian Coal Association
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- PTC India Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
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