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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 07 December 19
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE DROPS SLIGHTLY - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price dropped slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge ...
Saturday, 07 December 19
SOUTH AFRICAN COAL PRICE SURGE, WHILE OTHERS LANGUISH, IS TROUBLING - REUTERS
Coal prices around the world are gently sliding as demand from top importers such as China, India and even Europe remains subdued amid a so far mil ...
Saturday, 07 December 19
SUPRAMAX: OVERALL, THE BALTIC SUPRAMAX INDEX REMAINED IN POSITIVE MODE, DESPITE SOME AREAS LACKING FRESH ACTIVITY - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
This week the Capesize market maintained healthy earnings, as an end of year surge took the Capesize 5TC back up to $25,202 by mid-wee ...
Friday, 06 December 19
INDONESIA COAL BENCHMARK PRICE FOR DECEMBER INCREASES BY US 3 CENTS MOM
COALspot.com: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia has revised up the benchmark price of Indonesian thermal co ...
Thursday, 05 December 19
IMO 2020 IS ABOUT TO GET REAL - GAVIN THOMPSON
As I write this edition of the APAC Energy Buzz from my desk in Singapore I can see ships. Lots of ships. No surprise given that Singapore is among ...
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- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Australian Coal Association
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- The University of Queensland
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
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