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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 16 December 19
THE OUTLOOK FOR U.S. THERMAL COAL IS INCREASINGLY STRESSED - MOODY'S
- Slowing global economic growth, trade tensions will continue to exert influence
- Coal's secular decline will persist in 2020
...
Thursday, 12 December 19
KOWEPO INVITING BIDS FOR 2.28 MILLION TONS OF MIN.4,400 NCV COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea Western Power Co., Ltd. (KOWEPO) has issued an international tender for total 2,280,000 tons of (Sub) Bitum ...
Wednesday, 11 December 19
PANAMAX: THE MARKET REMAINED FIRM IN THE PACIFIC, WITH INCREASED ACTIVITY NOTED IN KEY AREAS, SUCH AS INDONESIA - ALLIED
Capesize – Positive momentum was resumed this past week, with earnings mak-ing some gains once again. This rising pattern was reflected in th ...
Tuesday, 10 December 19
PREPARATIONS INTENSIFY AS IMO 2020 GLOBAL SULPHUR CAP LOOMS - STANDARD CLUB
With less than a month to go for the impending IMO 2020 global sulphur cap, the club has started witnessing dispute cases relating to the measureme ...
Monday, 09 December 19
KOREA SOUTHERN POWER CO LTD IS INVITING OFFERS FOR MIN 3700 NCV COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea East-West Power Co. Ltd has issued an international tender for 160,000 Tons steam coal.
Acco ...
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- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Parliament of New Zealand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- PTC India Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Australian Coal Association
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Planning Commission, India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- The University of Queensland
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
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