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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 19 December 19
COAL POWER GENERATION CONTINUES TO DECLINE IN GERMANY: DESTATIS, XINHUA REPORTED
The volume of electricity generated in coal-fired power plants in Germany decreased “markedly” by 37 percent to 34 billion kilowatt-hou ...
Thursday, 19 December 19
BANGLADESH'S NBR CUTS VAT ON COAL IMPORT FOR POWER PLANTS - THE DAILY STAR
The National Board of Revenue (NBR) reduced value added tax on the import of coal for power plants to 5 percent from present 15 percent for five ye ...
Wednesday, 18 December 19
AVERAGE PRICES OF COAL IN 2018 WERE MORE THAN 60% HIGHER THAN IN 2016 - IEA
Coal use grew again in 2018.
Global coal demand increased by 1.1%, continuing the rebound that began in 2017 after three years of decline ...
Wednesday, 18 December 19
ASIA IS SET TO SUPPORT GLOBAL COAL DEMAND FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS - IEA
Press Release: Global coal demand is expected to decline in 2019 but remain broadly stable over the next five years, supported by robust growth in ...
Wednesday, 18 December 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As we all know very well by now, the reduction in the maximum allowable sulphur content of marine fuels in 2020 is likely to have a massive impact ...
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- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Planning Commission, India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
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