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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 11 April 23
OIL RISES ON CHINA STIMULUS EXPECTATIONS, WEAKER DOLLAR - REUTERS
Oil prices rose on Tuesday on expectations of potential economic stimulus by China, healthy demand in the rest of Asia and a drop in U.S. crude sto ...
Sunday, 09 April 23
CHINA’S BUSINESS INCOME REBOUND POINTS TO IMPROVING ECONOMY: OFFICIAL - XINHUA
Chinese businesses have posted a strong rebound in sales revenue since the beginning of this year in the latest signal of an improving economy.
...
Sunday, 09 April 23
COAL INDIA TO BOOST SUPPLIES TO INDUSTRIES AS UTILITIES’ INVENTORIES RISE - REUTERS
Coal India Ltd will increase supplies to industries, the world’s largest coal miner said on Wednesday as fuel inventories at utilities run by ...
Thursday, 06 April 23
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
LNG Current Supply/Demand Dynamics
This year, LNG supply will likely exceed demand, so prices will need to decline to levels that will encourag ...
Sunday, 26 March 23
EUROPE’S RUSH TO LNG COULD TURN INTO 'WORLD’S MOST EXPENSIVE AND UNNECESSARY INSURANCE POLICY'- CNBC
Europe’s rapid buildout of liquefied natural gas infrastructure is on track to far exceed demand by the end of the decade, according to new r ...
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- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- The University of Queensland
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- White Energy Company Limited
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- PTC India Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
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