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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 02 January 20
SULPHUR 2020 COMPENDIUM - HOW ARE INDIVIDUAL PORT STATES EXPECTED TO REACT? - STANDARD CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
With the new sulphur limits soon to be in force, Standard Club has been investigating the ways in which certain jurisdict ...
Monday, 30 December 19
AUSTRALIAN MINERS HIT BY LOWEST THERMAL COAL PRICE IN MORE THAN A DECADE - THE GUARDIAN
Australian coal exporters have experienced the biggest annual drop in thermal coal prices in more than a decade during 2019, raising doubts about i ...
Monday, 30 December 19
INDIA'S COAL IMPORTS RISE 4% TO 161.43 MT IN APRIL-NOVEMBER 2019 - PTI
The country’s coal imports registered an increase of 4.4 per cent to 161.43 million tonnes (MT) in the April-November period of the ongoing f ...
Sunday, 29 December 19
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE EDGES UP - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price rose slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Sunday, 29 December 19
IMO 2020 COMPLIANCE: IT'S UP TO US TO BE GOOD CITIZENS - IBIA
One of the concerns around implementation of the 0.50% sulphur limit has been, and continues to be, the need for effective enforcement to ensure a ...
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Showing 1216 to 1220 news of total 6871 |
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- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Planning Commission, India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- PTC India Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- The University of Queensland
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
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