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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 07 January 20
CLEANER AIR IN 2020: 0.5% SULPHUR CAP FOR SHIPS ENTERS INTO FORCE WORLDWIDE - EUROPEAN COMMISSION
From 1 January 2020, the maximum sulphur content of marine fuels is reduced to 0.5% (down from 3.5%) globally – reducing air pollution and pr ...
Tuesday, 07 January 20
BHP EYES INDIA FOR COAL GROWTH AS CHINA DEMAND FLATLINES - SYDNEY MORNING HERALD
Australia’s largest miner, BHP, believes the long-term trajectory of the emerging economy of India and the acceleration of its steelmaking ou ...
Sunday, 05 January 20
BUNKER QUALITY CLAIMS IN 2020 - ISSUES TO CONSIDER - CLYDE&CO
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
In recent years the shipping industry has faced a significant number of bunker quality claims, most notably ari ...
Saturday, 04 January 20
SUPRAMAX: A 53,000DWT VESSEL FIXING DELIVERY INDONESIA TRIP TO CHINA AT $4,000 AND A 58,000DWT SHIP FIXING DELIVERY EAST KALIMANTAN TRIP TO THAILAND AT $5,500 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The New Year started with an erosion on pre-Christmas rates as the higher low sulphur fuel costs due to IMO 2020 affected levels. From ...
Thursday, 02 January 20
DMO 2020 PRICE SET FOR ELECTRICITY SECTOR - IAN WOLLFF
On the 26th December 2019, the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) issued the decree No. 261.K/30.MEM/2019 about the States needs for c ...
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Showing 1211 to 1215 news of total 6871 |
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- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Planning Commission, India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
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