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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 25 December 19
COVER FOR WAR AND TERRORISM RISKS, AND COVER IN RESPECT OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIO-CHEMICAL WEAPONS - 2020 POLICY YEAR: AMERICAN CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
This Circular describes the arrangements which have been made to provide special cover for war and terrorism risks, and c ...
Wednesday, 25 December 19
EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEMS (SCRUBBER) GUIDANCE - THE STANDARD CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
In a few weeks, IMO’s ‘global sulphur cap’ will take effect. The permitted levels of SOx in ship emissi ...
Wednesday, 25 December 19
INDONESIAN BUKIT ASAM TARGETS TO MINE 30 MLN T OF COAL IN 2020 - REUTERS
Indonesian state-owned coal miner PT Bukit Asam targets to produce around 30 million tonnes of coal in 2020, compared with an estimate of 28.5 mill ...
Wednesday, 25 December 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As another year in the shipping industry is coming to an end, it is interesting to look at the dry bulk and tanker markets and how these performed ...
Monday, 23 December 19
VLSFO PRICING & AVAILABILITY NEEDS CAREFUL WATCHING - INTEGR8 FUELS
As we approach January 1st 2020 , the VLSFO price premium to HSFO has widened considerably
We are clearly well into the IMO 2020 transition; ch ...
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Showing 1226 to 1230 news of total 6871 |
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- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Planning Commission, India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
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