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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 09 January 20
SUPRAMAX: A NUMBER OF INDONESIAN ROUND TRIPS WERE REPORTED AT BELLOW USD 5,000 PD LEVELS - FEARNLEYS
Capesize
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Wednesday, 08 January 20
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Wednesday, 08 January 20
VINACOMIN SETS TO SELL 49 MILLION TONNES OF COAL IN 2020 - VIETNAM NET
The Vietnam National Coal-Mineral Industries Holding Corporation Limited (Vinacomin) has set to sell 49 million tonnes of coal in 2020, a year-on-y ...
Wednesday, 08 January 20
CHINA'S COAL-RICH PROVINCE CUTS 18.95 MLN TONNES OF CAPACITY IN 2019 - XINHUA
North China’s Shanxi Province reduced its coal production capacity by 18.95 million tonnes by closing 18 coal mines in 2019.
A ...
Wednesday, 08 January 20
JANUARY INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE SLIPS US$ 0.37 MOM
COALspot.com: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia has revised down the benchmark price of Indonesian thermal ...
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- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Australian Coal Association
- PTC India Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Planning Commission, India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
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