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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Sunday, 29 December 19
AUSTRALIA SUFFERS WORST OF CHINA'S COAL CURBS AFTER EARLIER BOOM - BLOOMBERG
Australia is bearing the brunt of China’s year-end coal import restrictions, ceding market share to other exporters including Russia and Mong ...
Saturday, 28 December 19
SUPRAMAX: A 63,000DWT VESSEL, OPEN CIGADING, FIXED A TRIP VIA INDONESIA, REDELIVERY WEST COAST INDIA, AT $8,500 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The Capesize market this past week has been attempting to recalibrate itself in consideration of weakening freight levels and increasing ...
Saturday, 28 December 19
CHINESE INDUSTRIAL CITY TO FURTHER CUT COAL CONSUMPTION - XINHUA
Harbin, capital city of Heilongjiang Province in China’s northeastern industrial heartland, is planning to further reduce its coal consumptio ...
Friday, 27 December 19
MISERY LOOMS OVER TOP COAL SHIPPERS AS CHINA TO BUY LESS IN 2020 BLOOMBERG
China isn’t cutting back on consumption of the most-polluting fossil fuel just yet, but it is set to reduce imports.
The world ...
Thursday, 26 December 19
REVIEW OF 2019 AND OUTLOOK FOR 2020 - OPEC
Global economic growth slowed in 2019, impacted by a variety of challenges. Trade issues not only led to reduction in global final consumption but ...
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Showing 1221 to 1225 news of total 6871 |
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- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Australian Coal Association
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- MS Steel International - UAE
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- The University of Queensland
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
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