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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 11 January 20
BALTIC BRIEFING TANKER REPORT - WEEK 2
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Saturday, 11 January 20
SUPRAMAX: INDONESIA COAL RUNS, A 58,000DWT SHIP WAS RUMOURED FIXED DELIVERY KALIMANTAN, REDELIVERY WEST COAST INDIA, IN THE $4,000S - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
Closing out the first full trading week of 2020, the Capesize market is struggling to gain any solid positive upward traction. Opening ...
Friday, 10 January 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE REMAINS FLAT - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price remains flat
China’s benchmark power coal price remained flat during the past week.
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Thursday, 09 January 20
NEW IMO LIFEBOAT REQUIREMENTS ENTER INTO FORCE - STANDARD CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Three new compulsory IMO resolutions entered into force on 1 January 2020. These resolutions deal with the maintenance, t ...
Thursday, 09 January 20
INDIA'S NEW EASED MINING RULES TO ENHANCE FOREIGN PARTICIPATION IN COAL SECTOR: MINISTER
India’s cabinet has eased mining laws in a bid to attract foreign players to the domestic coal sector and reduce imports of the fuel, coal mi ...
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- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
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