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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 14 January 20
MABUX: BUNKER MARKET THIS MORNING, JAN.14
MABUX World Bunker Index (consists of a range of prices for 380 HSFO, 180 HSFO and MGO (Gasoil) in the main world hubs) changed insignificant and i ...
Tuesday, 14 January 20
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - ALLIED SHIPBROKING
Uncertainty in the global geopolitical sphere seems to have not come to an end along with 2019, as 2020 commenced with renewed tensions between the ...
Tuesday, 14 January 20
DRY BULK MARKET: "THIS IS NOT THE END OF COAL" SAYS IEA - BALTIC EXCHANGE
A historic drop in coal-fired electricity generation will not sway global coal demand from its upward trajectory through to 2024, though growth wil ...
Saturday, 11 January 20
ARE YOU 95% CONFIDENT THAT YOUR VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL IS ON SPEC AND MARPOL COMPLIANT? - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Bunker fuel is a commodity and, like all commodities, is produced and sold according to specifications. Bunkers are usual ...
Saturday, 11 January 20
NEW PRICING COULD SPELL TROUBLE FOR CHINA'S COAL SECTOR - CHINA DIALOGUE
Benchmark coal tariffs have been the foundation of China’s electricity pricing since 2004 but this mechanism was replaced on January 1 with a ...
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- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- PTC India Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Australian Coal Association
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Parliament of New Zealand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
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