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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 16 January 20
SUPRAMAX: INDO/CHINA ROUND VOYAGE FIXING AROUND LOW/MID USD 6,000 BSS APS INDO - FEARNLEYS
Capesize
Still very rough seas for the big ships, with the majority of the fleet trading Far East or fronthaul and consequently earning far les ...
Wednesday, 15 January 20
ASIA PACIFIC GAS AND LNG - 6 THEMES TO WATCH IN 2020 - WOOD MACKENZIE
NEWS RELEASE
Wood Mackenzie has identified six themes that will impact Asia Pacific’s gas and LNG markets in 2020
Asian LNG spot pr ...
Wednesday, 15 January 20
PREDICTIONS FOR 2020: 'SLOWBALISATION" IS THE NEW GLOBALISATION - PWC
Projecting what the future holds is an important exercise for businesses looking to plan ahead. Below we present a summary of some of the themes we ...
Wednesday, 15 January 20
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INERMODAL
Happy New Year and all the best for IMO 2020 !!
The early days of IMO 2020 coming into force have certainly had an impact on the indus ...
Tuesday, 14 January 20
SOLAS AMENDMENTS ENTERING INTO FORCE 1 JANUARY 2020 - STANDARD CLUB
While the latest amendments to MARPOL annex VI which entered into force on 1 January 2020 limiting the SOx emissions from ships has been the centre ...
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- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- PTC India Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- The University of Queensland
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Australian Coal Association
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
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