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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Sunday, 16 April 23
CHINA JUGGLES FOUR MAJOR ECONOMIC CHANGES IN 2023 - WOOD MACKENZIE
Change is afoot in China. Economic growth is slowing, while rising political tensions between China and the US, coupled with global supply chain re ...
Sunday, 16 April 23
CHINA'S MARCH COAL IMPORTS JUMP TO 3-YEAR HIGH - REUTERS
China’s coal imports surged in March to their highest in any month over the past three years as utilities increased purchases on expectations ...
Sunday, 16 April 23
OPEC KEEPS WORLD OIL DEMAND GROWTH OUTLOOK UNCHANGED
The OPEC Reference Basket (ORB) declined in March by $3.43, or 4.2%, m-o-m to average $78.45/b. The ICE Brent first-month contract fell by $4.33, o ...
Sunday, 16 April 23
CHEAPER SPOT LNG PRICES TEMPT SOME ASIAN BUYERS AMID SUPPLY GAINS - REUTERS
Cheaper spot prices for liquefied natural gas (LNG) are luring price-sensitive buyers back in Asia, with China and India recording rising imports i ...
Tuesday, 11 April 23
COAL USE CLIMBS WORLDWIDE DESPITE PROMISES TO SLASH IT - AAP
The burning of coal for electricity, cement, steel and other uses went up in 2022 despite global promises to phase down the fuel that is the bigges ...
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- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Planning Commission, India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Australian Coal Association
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
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