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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Sunday, 26 January 20
SUPRAMAX: THE ASIAN BASIN SAW A 56,000DWT SHIP FIXING DELIVERY SAMARINDA TRIP TO WEST COAST INDIA AT $4,750 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The market endured heavy losses throughout the past week, with the Capesize 5TC dropping from $8,352 to $4,772. In the lead up to Chin ...
Sunday, 26 January 20
SHIPPING NEEDS TO PREPARE FOR CORONAVIRUS RESTRICTIONS WARNS HILL DICKINSON
The shipping industry needs to be prepared for potential restrictions in order to prevent the further spread of the ‘Wuhan’ coronavirus ...
Friday, 24 January 20
LOW-SULPHUR FUEL OIL PRICES DROP USD 99 PER MT IN SINGAPORE - BIMCO
Singapore has seen one of the largest drops in the price of Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (VLSFO), which peaked on 7 January 2020 at USD 740 per metric ...
Friday, 24 January 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE REMAINED FLAT DURING THE PAST WEEK - XINHUA
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of coal prices in north China’s major ports, stood at 553 yuan (about 80.1 U.S. dollars) ...
Thursday, 23 January 20
PANAMAX: ANOTHER DISAPPOINTING WEEK IN BOTH THE ATLANTIC AND THE PACIFIC BASIN - FEARNLEYS
Cape Size
From bad to worse for the biggest ships as prices for low-sulphur fuel oil remain high whilst freight rates deteriorate further. Aver ...
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- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- The University of Queensland
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- White Energy Company Limited
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