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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 23 January 20
AFRICAN POWER PLATFORM PUBLISHES REPORTS ON POWER SECTOR FRAMEWORK FOR SELECTED AFRICAN COUNTRIES
Press Release: African Power Platform publishes Reports on Power Sector Framework for selected African Countries
With the repo ...
Thursday, 23 January 20
COAL-BASED ELECTRICITY GENERATION SURGES 95% IN 2019 - PROFIT PAKISTAN TODAY
Coal-based power generation jumped 94.5 percent to 2,030 Gigawatt hours (GWh) in the year to November 2019, taking its share in the country’s ...
Wednesday, 22 January 20
INDIA: COAL PRODUCTION FROM CAPTIVE MINES RAISES 24% OUTPUT IN APRIL TO DECEMBER - FINANCIAL EXPRESS
Coal production from captive mines in the first nine months of the ongoing financial year was up 24% year-on-year (y-o-y) at 40.93 million tonne (M ...
Wednesday, 22 January 20
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
It seems that we are finally seeing whitish smoke as far as the trade feud between the US and China is concerned, while following this much anticip ...
Tuesday, 21 January 20
IRON ORE - 5 THINGS TO WATCH IN 2020 - WOOD MACKENZIE
Wood Mackenzie identifies five trends that will impact the iron ore industry.
Slower demand growth (especially in China) and a decen ...
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- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- The University of Queensland
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- VISA Power Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
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