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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 21 January 20
ASIA'S APPETITE FOR COAL GROWS, WITH CHINA THE KEY DECIDER - NIKKEI
Although renewable power generation is expected to rise significantly in Asia, India’s vast electricity needs will still underpin global dema ...
Tuesday, 21 January 20
THERMAL COAL PRICES SET FOR RECOVERY THIS YEAR AS OVERSUPPLY TIGHTENS - REUTERS
Thermal coal prices are expected to recover this year after losing around a third of their value last year as demand from some south-east Asian cou ...
Monday, 20 January 20
INDIA TO STOP SUBSTITUTABLE COAL IMPORT; CAN GO FOR AUCTION OF 100 FULLY EXPLORED NEW BLOCKS: JOSHI - PTI
The Cabinet recently approved promulgation of Mineral Laws (Amendment) Ordinance 2020 to amend Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation ) Act ...
Monday, 20 January 20
CHINA DECEMBER COAL OUTPUT UP 2.4 PERCENT ON YEAR - STATS BUREAU: REUTERS
China produced 331.74 million tonnes of coal in December, up 2.4 percent on the year, the National Bureau of Statistics said on Friday.
...
Monday, 20 January 20
CHINA IMPORTED 124.4 MLN TONNES OF COAL FROM INDONESIA IN 2019, UP 15.1 PERCENT YOY - BANCHERO COSTA
China's coal imports raced ahead in 2019, surprising many who had expected that in the months of 2019 to come the government would clamp down s ...
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- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- PTC India Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Australian Coal Association
- Planning Commission, India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
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