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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 01 February 20
THERMAL COAL MARKETS: 5 TRENDS TO WATCH OUT FOR IN 2020 - MINING REVIEW
The seaborne thermal coal market entered the year challenged by low priced LNG in the Atlantic and rapidly increasing supply in the Pacific.
&n ...
Saturday, 01 February 20
COAL IS NOT GOING ANYWHERE - MINING REVIEW
The coal sector is living under the constant threat of being blamed by environmentalists as being responsible for a world disaster called global wa ...
Saturday, 01 February 20
CIL PRODUCTION TO NOT EXCEED 640 MILLION TON IN FY20: OFFICIAL - PTI
Hit by disruptions due to a prolonged monsoon, mining major Coal India Ltd’s production in the current fiscal will not exceed 640 million ton ...
Saturday, 01 February 20
WHO PAYS FOR IMO 2020? - FREIGHT WAVES
The United Nations’ International Maritime Organization (IMO) implemented its low-sulfur fuel mandate on January 1, 2020. Full enforcement be ...
Friday, 31 January 20
EIA EXPECTS U.S. ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLES TO SOON SURPASS NUCLEAR AND COAL
In the latest long-term projections, the U.S Energy Information Administration (EIA) projects electricity generation from renewable sources such as ...
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- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- PTC India Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
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