We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Thursday, 30 January 20
PRIVATE SECTOR COMPANIES SEEK 'LEVEL PLAYING FIELD' FOR COAL BLOCK AUCTION - PTI
Private sector companies scouting opportunities for commercial coal mining in the country are seeking a “level playing field” to encour ...
Thursday, 30 January 20
CAPE: WITH CHINESE NEW YEAR TAKING PLACE, THE RATES ARE REACHING FURTHER DISAPPOINTING LEVELS - FEARNLEYS
Cape
With Chinese New Year taking place, the rates are reaching further disappointing levels. Present TC average is below USD 4,500, off 24% fr ...
Wednesday, 29 January 20
INDONESIA REMAINS AT THE TOP SPOT IN 2019 AS THE LARGEST SUPPLIER OF COAL TO INDIA WITH 91.3 MLN TONNES - BANCHERO COSTA
Despite repeated promises from India’s government to reduce the country’s coal imports and increase domestic self-reliance, volumes jus ...
Wednesday, 29 January 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Last week Libya’s oil production operations were disrupted as it was reported that local Libyan tribes interrupted output at the the El Feel ...
Tuesday, 28 January 20
INDONESIA - UNCERTAINTY OVER AVAILABILITY OF LSFO - THE STANDARD CLUB
The club has received reports that low sulphur fuel is not currently readily available in all Indonesian ports and that there are local shortages.
...
|
|
|
Showing 1166 to 1170 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
|
| |
| |
|
