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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 04 February 20
CAPE: THE AVERAGE EARNINGS PER DAY FELL BENEATH THE USD 4,000, A LEVEL CONSIDERABLY BELOW EVEN THE MOST CONSERVATIVE OPEX LEVELS - ALLIED
The recent slump in the dry bulk freight market may well have been expected to some degree, but despite this the shock was still overwhelming when ...
Monday, 03 February 20
KOWEPO INVITING BIDS FOR 2.46 MILLION TONS OF MIN.5700 AND MIN.5600 NCV COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea Western Power Co., Ltd. (KOWEPO) has issued an international tender for total 2,460,000 tons of (Sub) Bitum ...
Sunday, 02 February 20
NOVEL CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK IN CHINA - STANDARD CLUB
Members will be aware of the recent novel coronavirus outbreak in China, which has now been declared a global emergency by the World Health Organis ...
Sunday, 02 February 20
SUPRAMAX: A 52,000DWT SHIP WAS FIXED BASIS DELIVERY SOUTH KALIMANTAN TRIP TO INDIA, AT $6,000 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The week proved conspicuous for all the wrong reasons. This was the week when the Baltic Capesize Index (BCI) turned negative, closing ...
Saturday, 01 February 20
50 MILLION PEOPLE QUARANTINED IN CHINA TO CONTAIN SPREAD OF CORONAVIRUS - HOW DOES IT AFFECT SHIPPING? - BIMCO
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus, declared a global health emergency by the WHO, has caused massive uncertainty across the global markets with ...
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- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- PTC India Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Planning Commission, India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Australian Coal Association
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
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