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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 06 February 20
CHINESE DEMAND KEY UNCERTAINTY FOR SEABORNE COAL MARKET IN 2020 - THE BRICS POST
Coal trader Noble Resources head of research Rodrigo Echeverri Cardozo had penciled in a 3 Mt drop in Chinese import demand for 2020, but it could ...
Wednesday, 05 February 20
CORONAVIRUS AND THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY - WATSON, FARLEY & WILLIAMS
The continued spread of Coronavirus and governmental measures to minimise the impact is likely to affect the shipping industry and supply chain.
...
Wednesday, 05 February 20
INDONESIA'S COAL PRICE REFERENCE UP 1.46% IN FEBRUARY
COALspot.com: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia has revised up the benchmark price of Indonesian thermal co ...
Wednesday, 05 February 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The oil and gas industry benefitted from a strong and solid ground in the previous year. We witnessed a slow but steady increase in bunker’s ...
Wednesday, 05 February 20
RUSSIA EXPORTED 28.6 MLN TONNES OF LNG IN 2019 - REFINITIV
A lot of attention has been paid recently on the surge in LNG exports from the United States. However, another country which is seeing truly expone ...
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- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- White Energy Company Limited
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Minerals Council of Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PTC India Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- The University of Queensland
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Planning Commission, India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
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