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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Sunday, 09 February 20
SUPRAMAX: THE ASIAN ARENA STRUGGLED, A 50,000DWT SHIP FIXING A COAL RUN FROM EAST KALIMANTAN TO INDIA AT $2,000 - THE BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The Capesize market endured another dreadful week of calamitous rate level falls, as the usual season low Q1 period combined with rece ...
Friday, 07 February 20
CIL LOOKING TO TAP NON-POWER SECTORS FOR INCREMENTAL COAL, PTI REPORTED
The miner is looking to ramp up production to meet its targets for the current fiscal at a time when the economic slowdown is impacting demand for ...
Friday, 07 February 20
VIRUS - HIT CHINA MAY NEED MORE IMPORTS OF COAL. NOW COMES THE TRICKY PART - SHIPPING IT THERE: REUTERS
China’s domestic coal mines are struggling to ramp up production in the face of the ongoing coronavirus epidemic. That’s a situation th ...
Friday, 07 February 20
CORONAVIRUS IMPACTING THE GLOBAL SHIPPING INDUSTRY - BIMCO
The outbreak of the novel Coronavirus has dented market sentiment and spooked markets around the globe. When China sneezes, we all catch the flu. T ...
Thursday, 06 February 20
CAPE: WEAK SUPPLY/DEMAND RATIO THE STREETS REMAIN BLOODY FOR THE BIG SHIPS - FEARNLEYS
Cape: With still a weak supply/demand ratio the streets remain bloody for the big ships, and actual spot earnings are close to zero on main short-h ...
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- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- The University of Queensland
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
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