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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 12 February 20
COAL INDIA WILL EXCEED LAST YEAR'S PRODUCTION FIGURES: OFFICIAL - PTI
Despite coal production being hampered at Dipka mines due to prolonged rains, Coal India Ltd will exceed last year’s production figures, a to ...
Wednesday, 12 February 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The recent Coronavirus outbreak in China has led to a global health emergency by World Health Organization and it is yet to be seen how long the ph ...
Wednesday, 12 February 20
CHANGES IN LNG MARKET COULD UNDERCUT PLANS FOR NEW JAPANESE COAL PLANTS - CLYDE RUSSELL
Reuters: Clyde Russell
The collapse in the spot price of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in Asia is a short-term phenomenon that may wel ...
Wednesday, 12 February 20
THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY SEES FREIGHT MARKETS IN A COMPLETE STATE OF COLLAPSE AS DEMAND GETS PARALYZED DUE TO CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK - ALLIED
With China and the world still trying to contain the effects and come to terms with the Wuhan novel coronavirus outbreak, the shipping industry see ...
Wednesday, 12 February 20
WORLD STEEL PRODUCTION IN 2019 - BANCHERO COSTA
In a worrying development, global steel production slowed down considerably in the fourth quarter of 2019. In the final 3 months of 2019, total cru ...
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- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
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