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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 14 February 20
KOWEPO INVITED BIDS FOR 1.275 MILLION TONS OF MIN. 5,600 NCV COAL
COALspot.com: Korea Western Power Co. Ltd (KOWEPO). as a representative of five Korean Gencos has issued an international tender for total 1,275,00 ...
Friday, 14 February 20
IS THE US COAL INDUSTRY COMPLETELY BURNED OUT? -FORBES
This is the fourth of a multi-part series on the state of the main sources of energy in the US and how they compare globally. The series will cover ...
Friday, 14 February 20
FITCH RTGS: GLOBAL PORTS VULNERABLE TO CORONAVIRUS - RELATED VOLUME DECLINES
Global ports will see reduced trade volumes as a result of the coronavirus, COVID-19, which would become more severe should Chinese production take ...
Thursday, 13 February 20
INDIA: MAJOR PORTS SHOW MUTED GROWTH IN CARGO AS THERMAL COAL VOLUME SLIDES 15% - BUSINESS STANDARD
A sharp slide of 15 per cent in thermal coal volumes weighed on the performance of major ports during the period of April-January of FY20. The majo ...
Wednesday, 12 February 20
REFINING SET FOR A CHALLENGING 2020 - WOOD MACKENZIE
Downstream isn’t the glamorous end of the oil business. And in Big Oil, it’s typically dwarfed by upstream. Yet having been forced to r ...
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- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- White Energy Company Limited
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
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