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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 23 May 23
INDIA: COAL OUTPUT UP 8.9%, SUPPLY RISES 11.7% IN APRIL - FINANCIAL EXPRESS
India’s coal production jumped 8.85% to 73.14 million tonne (MT) in April 2023 and the total coal despatch during the month went up 11.66% to ...
Tuesday, 23 May 23
CHINA COAL OUTPUT UP 4.5 PCT IN APRIL - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output posted stable expansion in April, official data showed.
The country produced 380 million tonnes of raw ...
Saturday, 20 May 23
NON-OPEC OIL SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT - OPEC
In 2022, non-OPEC supply is estimated to have increased by 1.9 mb/d y-o-y. Out of this, US liquids production increased by 1.2 mb/d, mainly on the ...
Saturday, 20 May 23
GLOBAL COAL TRADE HAS REALLY PICKED UP PACE IN RECENT MONTHS, NOW FULLY BACK TO PRE-COVID LEVELS - BANCHERO COSTA
Global coal trade has really picked up pace in recent months, and is now fully back to pre-Covid levels. In Jan-Apr 2023, total global seaborne coa ...
Saturday, 20 May 23
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
India is one of the world's largest coal producers and one of the world's largest importers of coal. The country uses coal mainly for power ...
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Showing 101 to 105 news of total 6871 |
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- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- The University of Queensland
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Planning Commission, India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
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