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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 15 February 20
CHEN ZHIDA: NOVEL CORONAVIRUS - IMPLICATIONS FOR CHARTERPARTIES - SHIPOWNERS' CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Last month, the Club issued a bulletin on the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) which explained the origin of the virus a ...
Saturday, 15 February 20
AFRAMAX: A MORE POSITIVE ATTITUDE EXISTED IN THIS SECTOR WITH RATES IMPROVING ON ALL ROUTES - BALTIC BRIEFING
VLCC
The market in the Middle East was unmoved this week, with Chinese refiners continuing to slow imports, allied with the impact of the Coron ...
Saturday, 15 February 20
A 56,000DWT VESSEL WAS CONCLUDED BASIS DELIVERY SINGAPORE VIA INDONESIA REDELIVERY CHINA IN THE LOW $6,000S - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
Riding the downward momentum of the previous week, the market was always going to be hard pressed to make any sort of revival. With mu ...
Saturday, 15 February 20
U.S. COAL PRODUCTION WILL TOTAL 595 MMST IN 2020, DOWN 14% FROM 2019 - EIA
EIA forecasts that U.S. coal production will total 595 million short tons (MMst) in 2020, down 95 MMst (14%) from 2019.
Lower ...
Friday, 14 February 20
WHY THE WORLD ECONOMY WILL BE FACING CHINA'S CORONAVIRUS FOR A LONG TIME - CNBC
Everywhere we look we see the headlines and commentators talking about the coronavirus and its impact on tourism, trade and investment between Chin ...
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- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Australian Coal Association
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- PTC India Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- The University of Queensland
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
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