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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 18 February 20
ADARO REMAINS POSITIVE ON THE LONG-TERM FUNDAMENTALS OF COAL MARKET SUPPORTED BY THE SOUTHEAST ASIA AND SOUTH ASIA REGION
The global seaborne thermal coal market in 2019 was faced with macro and industry challenges which pushed international coa ...
Tuesday, 18 February 20
CORONAVIRUS AND ITS IMPACT ON YOUR CONTRACT - CAN YOU RELY ON 'FORCE MAJEURE'? - INCE
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the outbreak of the Novel Coronavirus (officially t ...
Monday, 17 February 20
IMO-2020 SULPHUR CAP - ISSUES TO CONSIDER PRIOR TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CARRIAGE BAN ON 1 MARCH 2020 - STANDARD CLUB
With the IMO 2020 global sulphur cap now in force, members should bear in mind another significant date in relation to the ‘carriage ban&rsqu ...
Monday, 17 February 20
COVID-19: THE EFFECT OF THIS PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY ON CHARTERPARTY TERMS - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Is it useful to compare the COVID-19 with earlier disease outbreaks?
A comparison with the Ebola outbreak ...
Saturday, 15 February 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE EDGES UP - REUTERS
China’s benchmark power coal price rose slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
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- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Australian Coal Association
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Planning Commission, India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
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