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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 19 February 20
MINERS WELCOME INDONESIA'S NEW JOBS BILL THAT COULD SPUR COAL GROWTH - REUTERS
Miners have welcomed proposed changes to Indonesian mining rules under a new law aimed at boosting investment, though critics are concerned that th ...
Wednesday, 19 February 20
AS OCEAN TEMPERATURES RISE, SHIPOWNERS LOOK FOR WAYS TO COPE - WARTSILA
The world is heating up, and its oceans are no exception. According to the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the oceans absorb the majo ...
Wednesday, 19 February 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The coronavirus outbreak is estimated to negatively affect global economy by at least EUR400bn this year, representing around the 0.4% of global GD ...
Tuesday, 18 February 20
WEEKLY MARKET ANALYSIS - ALLIED
Under such poorly performing market circumstances, many usually take the historical approach, in order to better understand and further analyze the ...
Tuesday, 18 February 20
ADARO SHIPPED 27 PERCENT OF ITS TOTAL COAL PRODUCTION IN 2019 TO INDIA AND CHINA
PT Adaro Energy Tbk (AE) produced 58.03 Mt of coal from PT Adaro Indonesia (AI), Balangan Coal Companies and Adaro Me ...
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- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- PTC India Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- The University of Queensland
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Australian Coal Association
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Planning Commission, India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
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