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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 21 February 20
INDIA: POTENTIAL INVESTORS SEEK MORE CLARITY ON COMMERCIAL COAL MINING NORMS - FINANCIAL EXPRESS
Potential private investors have sought more clarity on the pricing mechanism proposed for the much-anticipated auction for commercial coal mining. ...
Thursday, 20 February 20
CHINA RESUMES OVER 70 PCT COAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY AMID EPIDEMIC - XINHUA
China has resumed 70.2 percent of its coal production capacity with output recovering steadily amid the fight against the novel coronavirus epidemi ...
Thursday, 20 February 20
CHINA THERMAL COAL MARKET FACES 2-3 MONTH CORONAVIRUS SHORT SQUEEZE: NOBLE - REUTERS
China’s domestic thermal coal market faces a 2-3 month short squeeze as a rapidly spreading coronavirus outbreak curtails production more tha ...
Wednesday, 19 February 20
KOREA MIDLAND POWER INVITED BIDS FOR 1 MILLION TONS OF HCV AND LCV COAL FOR Q2- Q4 LOADING
COALspot.com: Korea Midland Power Co. Ltd, (KOMIPO). has issued an international tender for total 1 million MT of coal for April to December 2020 l ...
Wednesday, 19 February 20
GLENCORE WRITES OFF ALMOST $1 BILLION AT COLOMBIAN COAL MINES DUE TO FALLING EUROPEAN IMPORTS: BLOOMBERG
The economic case against European coal is proving too much for even Glencore Plc.
The world’s biggest coal shipper cut the va ...
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- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- PTC India Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
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