We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Monday, 24 February 20
CHINA SAYS MAJOR COAL FIRMS RESTORE 95% OF PRODUCTION CAPACITY - REUTERS
China’s coal companies controlled by the central government have resumed operations and are back at more than 95% of their capacity, an offic ...
Sunday, 23 February 20
SHIPPING INDUSTRY FACES $370 MILLION HIT FROM NEW PANAMA CANAL CHARGE - REUTERS
A new “freshwater” charge that came in this month to help the Panama Canal cope with climate change will cost the shipping industry up ...
Sunday, 23 February 20
A 57,000DWT SHIP FIXING DELIVERY SOUTH KALIMANTAN TRIP, REDELIVERY CJK, AT $7,600 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The Capesize market found little to cheer about this week as it again endured remarkable lows. The Atlantic continued to improve, with ...
Saturday, 22 February 20
THE SURPRISING MOVE IN MARINE FUEL SPREADS - ING
Middle distillates tank
One of the biggest surprises since the implementation of new International Maritime Organization (IMO) sulphur regulati ...
Friday, 21 February 20
CAPE: AVERAGE NOMINAL DAILY EARNINGS STILL ADMITTEDLY UNCHANGED W-O-W AT BELOW US$3000 - FEARNLEYS
CAPE
The worst may just about be over for the big ships. Average nominal daily earnings still admittedly unchanged w-o-w at below US$3k, but sent ...
|
|
|
Showing 1111 to 1115 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
|
| |
| |
|
