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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 26 February 20
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Coming from one of its busiest periods historically, with a list of scrubber and BWMS retrofits on a waiting list, the ship repair sector is witnes ...
Wednesday, 26 February 20
AS ALL OF THE GLOBAL COAL GIANTS EXIT SOUTH AFRICA, ESKOM TO DEPEND ON TWO MINERS FOR 70% OF ITS SUPPLY - BUSINESS INSIDER
While some of its politicians continue to imagine that coal has a future in South Africa, two key developments from the real world show that securi ...
Tuesday, 25 February 20
DELTA DUNIA MAKMUR REGISTERED A NET PROFIT OF US$20 MILLION FOR FY 2019
PT Delta Dunia Makmur, one of the largest coal mining company in Indonesia, has recorded an US$882 million revenue for FY 2019, 1% lower compared t ...
Tuesday, 25 February 20
SHIPPING UPDATE - ALLIED
The positive feeling and optimism for a fresh rally during the first few months of 2020 that prevailed in the tanker markets during the final quart ...
Monday, 24 February 20
COULD SOME VLSFO FUELS BE BANNED? - GIBSON
The run up to the implementation of the new IMO rules on marine fuels from1st January 2020 had owners and charterers analysing the vari ...
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Showing 1106 to 1110 news of total 6871 |
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- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- White Energy Company Limited
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- The University of Queensland
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
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