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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 03 March 20
IMPORTANCE OF MASTER'S CARGO CHECKS - BALTIC EXCHANGE
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Adecision in recent High Court case has made it clear that there is no implied indemnity from a charterer to their counte ...
Tuesday, 03 March 20
COAL'S SHARE OF CHINA ENERGY MIX FALLS IN 2019 BUT CONSUMPTION STILL RISING - REUTERS
Coal accounted for 57.7% of China’s primary energy consumption in 2019, the National Bureau of Statistics said on Friday, down 1.5 percentage ...
Monday, 02 March 20
SHIPOWNERS AND OPERATORS COULD FACE DETENTION OF SHIPS FROM 1ST MARCH UNDER IMO RULE - ICS
Port state control authorities will begin to enforce the IMO’s Sulphur 2020 from 1st March, making it an offense for ships to carry fuel that ...
Saturday, 29 February 20
SUPRAMAX SENTIMENT WAS UP IN A FEW KEY AREAS OVER THE LAST WEEK - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The Capesize market woes related to Coronavirus have now spread through the wider global markets like wildfire. The wider supply and d ...
Thursday, 27 February 20
FOREIGN COMPANIES LIKELY TO SKIP COMMERCIAL COAL BLOCK AUCTIONS - ECONOMIC TIMES
The Centre is in the process of inviting global players for commercial mining, following 100% foreign direct investment in the sector. However, giv ...
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- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Australian Coal Association
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Planning Commission, India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- The University of Queensland
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
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