We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 04 March 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As it was expected, the whole world has been focusing on the spread of the Coronavirus, with the fast outbreak being primarily a massive humanitari ...
Wednesday, 04 March 20
CORONAVIRUS: A WILDCARD FOR BULKS DEMAND - WOOD MACKENZIE
The coronavirus is casting a shadow across commodity markets. It has undermined China’s economic sentiment, putting the country’s growt ...
Wednesday, 04 March 20
THERMAL COAL TO 'PHASE OUT', STRONG DEMAND FOR COKING COAL: PLATO - SYDNEY MORNING HERALD
Plato Investments managing director Don Hamson says Australian iron ore producers are set to benefit in the fallout from coronavirus as China will ...
Wednesday, 04 March 20
CHINA PROVINCE TO CLOSE 10 MLN TONNES OF COAL CAPACITY IN 2020 - XINHUA
Southwest China’s Guizhou Province plans to phase out 10 million tonnes of outdated coal production capacity by closing 80 coal mines in 2020 ...
Wednesday, 04 March 20
UKRAINE PRODUCED OVER 2.55 MLN TONNES OF COAL IN FEBRUARY - UKRINFORM
In February 2020, Ukraine produced over 2.55 million tonnes of coal, which is 0.2% less than planned.
The Coal Miners Union of Ukrai ...
|
|
|
Showing 1096 to 1100 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- The University of Queensland
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- PTC India Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- White Energy Company Limited
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
|
| |
| |
|
