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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 05 March 20
SEABORNE COAL'S STRUGGLES IN ASIA ARE MORE THAN JUST CHINA CORONAVIRUS - REUTERS
Asia’s seaborne coal markets stumbled in February and it appears the coronavirus outbreak in China may dodge most of the blame, with the weak ...
Thursday, 05 March 20
INDONESIA'S BUKIT ASAM 2019 OUTPUT RISES 10.2% Y/Y - REUTERS
PT Bukit Asam, Indonesia’s state-owned coal miner, said on Wednesday its output in 2019 rose 10.2% to 29.1 million tonnes.
Coa ...
Thursday, 05 March 20
SEEING REMOTELY - IN SAFETY: BUREAU VERITAS PERFORMS FIRST SURVEY BY DRONE - BUREAU VERITAS
Bureau Veritas Marine & Offshore (BV), a world leader in testing, inspection and certification (TIC) services has completed its first survey by ...
Wednesday, 04 March 20
AN EPIDEMIC OF UNCERTAINTY - THE CORONAVIRUS AND FORCE MAJEURE - WFW
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Do the effects of the coronavirus give rise to legitimate force majeure claims in connection with shipbuilding contracts ...
Wednesday, 04 March 20
CHINA IMPORTED 76.8 MLN TONNES OF CRUDE OIL FOR JANUARY & FEBRUARY 2020; UP 3.4% YOY - REFINITIV | BC
The COVID-19 crisis has been gripping China already for almost two months now. It’s having a huge negative impact on the economy, and this is ...
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- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- The University of Queensland
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Australian Coal Association
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
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