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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 06 March 20
COLOMBIAN COAL OUTPUT FELL 2% IN 2019 - REUTERS
Coal production in Colombia, the fifth-largest coal exporter in the world, fell 2% to 82.2 million tonnes in 2019 after output at one of the princi ...
Friday, 06 March 20
SOLID BACKING FOR LNG AS A MARINE FUEL - BALTIC EXCHANGE
When it comes to choosing the best fuel on the near horizon to help the international shipping industry shrink its carbon intensity by 2050, DNV GL ...
Friday, 06 March 20
INDONESIA COAL PRICE REFERENCE UP AGAIN THIS MONTH
COALspot.com: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia has revised up the benchmark price of Indonesian thermal co ...
Thursday, 05 March 20
PANAMAX: SHIP-OWNERS HAVE MOSTLY BEEN GETTING HIGHER RATES THAN THE LAST DONE - FEARNLEYS
Cape
There is still limited amount of positive news around, with the effects of Corona virus hurting world economy. However, overall average in ...
Thursday, 05 March 20
COAL IMPORTS DOWN IN MAJOR ASIAN MARKETS, AND CORONAVIRUS NOT THE DRIVING FORCE - CLYDE RUSSELL
Asia’s seaborne coal markets stumbled in February and it appears the coronavirus outbreak in China may dodge most of the blame, with the weak ...
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- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
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