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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 10 March 20
CHINA'S COAL-RICH PROVINCE ENSURES ENERGY SUPPLY AMID EPIDEMIC - XINHUA
China’s coal-rich province of Shanxi has seen more than 500 coal mines resume production in February, which ensured energy supply amid the ou ...
Monday, 09 March 20
OPEC+ 'NO DEAL' A BLOW TO THE MARKET - WOOD MACKENZIE
Speaking after today’s OPEC+ meeting broke up, Ann-Louise Hittle, vice president, Macro Oils, at Wood Mackenzie, said: “Today’s o ...
Monday, 09 March 20
KOREA EAST-WEST POWER INVITED BIDS FOR 150,000 MT OF MIN 4,400 - MAX 5,499 NAR COAL
COALspot.com: KOREA EAST-WEST POWER CO. LTD. of South Korea has issued an international tender for total 150,000 MT of LCV coal for May – Jun ...
Sunday, 08 March 20
SUPRAMAX: A 55,000DWT VESSEL FIXING DELIVERY FROM EAST KALIMANTAN FOR A TRIP TO VIETNAM AT $9,100 - BALTIC BRIEFING
SUPRAMAX/ULTRAMAX - A 56,000DWT VESSEL FIXED DELIVERY SOUTH CHINA TRIP VIA INDONESIA, REDELIVERY EAST COAST INDIA, IN THE $6,000S
SUPRAMAX/U ...
Friday, 06 March 20
CHINA RESUMES 83.4 PCT COAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY AMID EPIDEMIC - XINHUA
China has resumed 83.4 percent of its coal production capacity amid the fight against the novel coronavirus outbreak, the National Energy Administr ...
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- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- PTC India Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- The University of Queensland
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
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