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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 11 March 20
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX UP 0.07 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 133.16 points Monday, up 0.07 percent week on week.
The index, released by China ...
Wednesday, 11 March 20
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
On the 4th of September the Baltic Dry Index marked its highest level for 2019, reaching 2,518 points, while the rest of the dry indices also recor ...
Tuesday, 10 March 20
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS
It might be already overstated, but it seems to be important to point out once again how peculiar the current circumstances are.
Before the st ...
Tuesday, 10 March 20
EIA FORECASTS U.S ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR DEMAND FOR COAL WILL FALL BY 81 MMST (15%) IN 2020
EIA forecasts that U.S. coal production will total 595 million short tons (MMst) in 2020, down 95 MMst (14%) from 2019. According to EIA's Shor ...
Tuesday, 10 March 20
CORONAVIRUS: DEMAND DOWNGRADES FOR BULK COMMODITIES - WOOD MACKENZIE
The coronavirus outbreak is a rapidly evolving news story – and a real wildcard for bulks demand. Our global experts are monitoring the impac ...
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- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Australian Coal Association
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
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