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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 13 March 20
PANAMAX: SLIGHTLY STRONGER NUMBERS IN BOTH BASINS THIS WEEK - FEARNLEYS
Cape
Still very sad times for the big ships, and merit in further trading at present levels is highly debatable for most tonnage. Spot fixtures ...
Friday, 13 March 20
TOP 4 ACCOUNTING CONSIDERATIONS AFTER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF IMO 2020 - PWC
To install or not to install?
Following the IMO 2020 global low sulphur cap for marine fuel effective since 1 January 2020, many shi ...
Friday, 13 March 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE DROPS SLIGHTLY - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price dropped slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge ...
Friday, 13 March 20
KOREA SOUTH-EAST POWER INVITED BIDS FOR 390,000 MT OF THERMAL COAL FOR MAY-JUNE 2020 LOADING
COALspot.com: Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd. (KOEN), has issued an international tender for total 390,000 Metric Tons of coal for May & June ...
Thursday, 12 March 20
INDIA 2019 THERMAL COAL IMPORTS RISE 12.6% TO NEARLY 200 MILLION TONNES - REUTERS
India’s thermal coal imports rose 12.6% to nearly 200 million tonnes in 2019, government data reviewed by Reuters showed, reflecting the seco ...
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- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Planning Commission, India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- PTC India Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- The University of Queensland
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
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