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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 18 March 20
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Despite we all knew about the Covid-19 weeks ago, few could realize the size of the thread until the last few days. The examples of China and Italy ...
Tuesday, 17 March 20
IT IS NOW UNQUESTIONABLE THAT 2020 WILL BE A MILESTONE YEAR FOR THE OIL MARKET, AS WELL AS THE WHOLE GLOBAL ECONOMY - ALLIED
It is now unquestionable that 2020 will be a milestone year for the oil market, as well as the whole global economy. The impact from the COVID-19 o ...
Tuesday, 17 March 20
PRELIMINARY FIELD EXPERIENCES ON THE EFFECTS OF LSFO AND VLSFO ON CYLINDER CONDITION - HANS JENSEN LUBRICATORS
It is now more than two months since the 0.5% sulphur cap entered into force, which have affected the operation of more than 70,000 vessels. As ant ...
Monday, 16 March 20
ULTRAMAX: S8 INDONESIA-INDIA AND S10 INDONESIA-CHINA ROUTES BOTH POSTED GAINS OF $1,412, AND $1,289 ON THE WEEK, TO CLOSE AT $5,575, AND $6,089 RESPECTIVELY - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The Capesize market came to work on Monday, with little expectation, or confidence, that the days ahead were going to bring anything o ...
Sunday, 15 March 20
CAPTIVE COAL OUTPUT RISES 19% IN APRIL-FEBRUARY - FINANCIAL EXPRESS
Coal production from captive mines in the first eleven months of the ongoing fiscal have increased by 18.8% year-on-year (y-o-y) to 51.7 million to ...
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- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- The University of Queensland
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Australian Coal Association
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
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