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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 19 March 20
A CRUDE TSUNAMI: UP TO 3 MILLION BPD OF EXTRA OIL CAN HIT THE MARKET FROM APRIL, MORE COMING IN MAY - RYSTAD ENERGY
The extra oil coming into the global market from April will be as much as 3 million barrels per day (bpd), Rystad Energy estimates. Two million bpd ...
Thursday, 19 March 20
BIMCO REVISES 2020 FORECAST FOR MAIN SHIPPING MARKETS
The coronavirus pandemic is impacting global shipping demand for 2020 negatively. The speed of the virus spread makes it difficult to assess the fu ...
Thursday, 19 March 20
U.S. COAL EXPORTS DECLINED IN 2019 - EIA
In 2019, U.S. coal exports declined to 93 million short tons (MMst), a 20% decrease from the previous year, according to the U.S. Energy Informatio ...
Thursday, 19 March 20
SOUTH KOREA'S KOSPO INVITED BIDS FOR MIN 3,700 OR MIN 4,200 NCV LOW CALORIFIC VALUE COAL
COALspot.com: Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. (KOSPO), has issued an international tender for total 160,000 MT (±10%) (80,000 x 2 Panamax) of ...
Wednesday, 18 March 20
DRY BULK: INDONESIAN COAL CARGOES PROVIDING A BIG BOOST IN THE EAST WHERE SENTIMENT FOR HANDIES ALSO STARTED IMPROVING - INTERMODAL
The BDI ended last week with small gains on the back of an encouraging number of cargoes out of key trading regions that helped sustain the reserve ...
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- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Australian Coal Association
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- MS Steel International - UAE
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- The University of Queensland
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
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