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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 21 March 20
PANAMAX: 82,000DWT SHIP AGREED $4,250 FOR A COAL TRIP VIA INDONESIA REDELIVERY SOUTH CHINA - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The Capesize market made some headway this past week despite being buffeted by the global pandemic storm. With the market in a constan ...
Friday, 20 March 20
VOLATILITY TO INCREASE IN TANKER MARKET FOLLOWING OIL PRICE WAR - DREWRY
Crude oil prices plunged by more than a third in the past week after OPEC+ failed to agree on production cut as demand softened in the aftermath of ...
Friday, 20 March 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE DROPS SLIGHTLY - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price dropped slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge ...
Friday, 20 March 20
OIL PRICES COULD FALL BELOW ZERO: ANALYST - FOX BUSINESS
Plunging oil prices could be headed a lot lower – possibly below zero, according to one Wall Street analyst.
West Texas Interm ...
Friday, 20 March 20
84% OF FEBRUARY BUNKER SALES IN SINGAPORE ARE LOW-SULPHUR FUELS - BIMCO
Low-sulphur fuels accounted for 84% of total February sales in Singapore, slightly up from 83% in January. The sale of low-sulphur fuel oil (LSFO) ...
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- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Australian Coal Association
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- The University of Queensland
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- PTC India Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
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