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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 24 March 20
THE TRIPLE SHOCK OF CORONAVIRUS IN SHIPPING: WILL IT LAST? - DREWRY
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Tuesday, 24 March 20
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Monday, 23 March 20
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KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
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Monday, 23 March 20
COAL INDIA LIMITED'S ONE-DAY OUTPUT PEAKS AT 3.17 MT - THE HINDU
Coal India Limited (CIL) output peaked at a new high of 3.17 million tonnes (MT) on March 20, overtaking the 3.14 MT production recorded on March 2 ...
Monday, 23 March 20
KOMIPO INVITED BIDS FOR 1.45 MILLION TONS OF COAL FOR JUNE & JULY 2020 LOADING
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- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- White Energy Company Limited
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- MS Steel International - UAE
- The University of Queensland
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
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