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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 25 March 20
CORONAVIRUS CRISIS IS CRUSHING GLOBAL GDP GROWTH - FITCH RATINGS
The coronavirus crisis is crushing global GDP growth according to Fitch Ratings in its latest quarterly “Global Economic Outlook” (GEO) ...
Wednesday, 25 March 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
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Wednesday, 25 March 20
INDONESIA TO CANCEL RULES REQUIRING DOMESTIC SHIPS FOR COAL, PALM EXPORTS : REFINITIV
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Wednesday, 25 March 20
JAN-FEB 2020, INDONESIA SHIPPED 64.5 MLN TONNES OF COAL, UP +3.4% YOY - BANCHERO COSTA
In the 12 months of calendar 2019, Indonesia exported 386.4 mln tonnes of coal, according to vessel tracking data from Refinitiv. This represents a ...
Tuesday, 24 March 20
MARKET ANALYSIS - ALLIED
As countries around the world struggle to take back control of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic the global economy shuts down bit by bit, leaving only ...
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- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Planning Commission, India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- PTC India Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- The University of Queensland
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
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