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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 28 March 20
ASIA'S COAL MARKETS DIVERGE ON QUALITY LINES AS CORONAVIRUS HITS INDIA - REUTERS
Asia’s seaborne coal market is increasingly diverging between higher-quality Australian coal, where prices are holding up despite the economi ...
Friday, 27 March 20
CHINA'S BULKS: THE SENTIMENT GAP BETWEEN STEEL AND COAL WIDENS - WOOD MACKENZIE
China seems to be containing its local coronavirus situation, with imported cases now posing the greater threat. While quarantine measures remain t ...
Friday, 27 March 20
S.KOREA Q1 THERMAL COAL IMPORTS SET FOR 10-YR LOW ON ANTI-POLLUTION MEASURES - REUTERS
South Korea’s first-quarter thermal coal imports are set to fall to a decade-low due to stricter air pollution measures, while the coronaviru ...
Friday, 27 March 20
PORT OF NEWCASTLE OPERATIONS CONTINUE WITH COVID-19 RESPONSE MEASURES IN PLACE
Port of Newcastle, like many organisations, is taking a precautionary approach to help manage COVID-19 risks in the community. Our focus is on ensu ...
Thursday, 26 March 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE DROPS SLIGHTLY - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price dropped slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge ...
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- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- PTC India Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
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