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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 31 March 20
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX DOWN 0.43 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 132.17 points Monday, down 0.43 percent week on week.
The index, released by Chi ...
Tuesday, 31 March 20
COAL POWER REMAINS IN GLOBAL DECLINE, DESPITE CHINESE SURGE - SYDNEY MORNING HERALD
The impact of coronavirus has prompted a surge in coal-fired power plant construction permits in China, with the Chinese government issuing more pe ...
Monday, 30 March 20
CORONAVIRUS - IMPLICATIONS FOR SHIPS AND CREW - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Countries around the world are strengthening their border control measures in order to prevent the further spread of COVI ...
Monday, 30 March 20
LAY-UP AND RE-ACTIVATION REVISITED - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the maritime industry in previously unthinkable ways. Ports around the world are denyi ...
Monday, 30 March 20
PANAMAX: INDONESIA LACKED VOLUME, PARTLY DUE TO FORCE MAJEURE IN INDIAN PORTS - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
As Covid-19 continued to ratchet up tensions across the globe, the Cape market dealt with the change to remote working. Most regions o ...
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Showing 1036 to 1040 news of total 6871 |
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- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Australian Coal Association
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- The University of Queensland
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
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