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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 17 July 23
APPROVED AMMONIA-FUELED CONTAINERSHIP - BENEFITS AND RISKS: REED SMITH
Following the news in Offshore Energy that Korea Maritime Consultants has secured approval in principle from the American Bureau of Shipping for it ...
Friday, 14 July 23
CLEAN COAL USE KEY TO DEEP CUTS IN EMISSIONS, STABLE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY - CHINA DAILY
China must push for the clean use of coal and step up integration of the dirty fuel with carbon capture, utilization and storage to achieve sustain ...
Thursday, 13 July 23
VIETNAM'S COAL EMISSIONS PRIMED FOR SURGE AFTER IMPORTS JUMP - REUTERS
Vietnam’s thermal power emissions are primed for a steep climb this summer after the country’s imports of thermal coal soared to their ...
Monday, 26 June 23
COAL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION UP IN 2022 - EUROSTAT
In 2022, EU coal production and consumption continued to increase, reaching 349 million tonnes (+5% compared with the previous year) and 454 millio ...
Wednesday, 21 June 23
QATAR STRIKES SECOND BIG LNG SUPPLY DEAL WITH CHINA - REUTERS
Qatar on Tuesday secured its second large gas supply deal with a Chinese state-controlled company in less than a year, putting Asia clearly ahead i ...
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- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
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