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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 03 April 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE DROPS SLIGHTLY - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price dropped slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge ...
Wednesday, 01 April 20
TRADERS SCRAMBLE TO SELL CHEAP CRUDE CARGOES AS GLUT GROWS - REUTERS
Oil traders across the globe are offering cargoes far in advance as rapidly vanishing demand drives key physical crude prices to multi-decade lows, ...
Wednesday, 01 April 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
There is an old, allegedly Chinese, saying suggesting that living in “interesting” times usually refers to times of trouble. The latest ...
Tuesday, 31 March 20
FREIGHT MARKET: DRY BULKERS - SPOT MARKET 23-29 MARCH 2020
Capesize
The rebound in freight rates resumed this past week, with rates man-aging to post further gains by week’s end. The BCI is in negat ...
Tuesday, 31 March 20
DRY BULK: Q1 HAS BEEN THE WORST QUARTER NOTED FOR MORE THAN 3 YEARS NOW - ALLIED RESEARCH
At this point, the Covid-19 pandemic seems to be monopolizing all market (as well as all other) discussions across the world and any market insight ...
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- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Australian Coal Association
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- The University of Queensland
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
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