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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 07 April 20
IS CHINA EMBARKING ON A MAJOR EXPANSION OF COAL-FIRED POWER GENERATION? - WOOD MACKENZIE
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Tuesday, 07 April 20
COAL INDIA'S DISPATCHES DROP, OUTPUT INCREASES - THE HINDU
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Tuesday, 07 April 20
CORONAVIRUS AND LOCKDOWNS DRAG DOWN THE INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE IN APRIL
COALspot.com: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia has revised down the benchmark price of the Indonesian ther ...
Monday, 06 April 20
A 52,000DWT SHIP FIXING DELIVERY SINGAPORE TRIP, VIA INDONESIA, REDELIVERY TAIWAN, AT $3,100 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
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Monday, 06 April 20
INDIA'S 21-DAY LOCKDOWN - IMPACT ON COMMODITIES? - WOOD MACKENZIE
India is under a three-week lockdown from 25 March, to contain the spread of the coronavirus outbreak. Wood Mackenzie analysts discuss what this me ...
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Showing 1026 to 1030 news of total 6871 |
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- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Australian Coal Association
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
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